Brake-O-Rama explains Cooling Systems

With the scorching temperatures during the summer, it is very important to have your car’s cooling system serviced to avoid any overheating mishaps. Brake-O-Rama would like to share this interesting article to explain the basics.

What is a Cooling System?

A typical 4 cylinder vehicle cruising along the highway at around 50 miles per hour,  will produce 4000 controlled explosions per minute inside the engine as the spark plugs ignite the fuel in each cylinder to propel the vehicle down the road.  Obviously, these explosions produce an enormous amount of heat and, if not controlled, will destroy an engine in a matter of minutes.  Controlling these high temperatures is the job of the cooling system.

The modern cooling system has not changed much from the cooling systems in the model-T back in the ’20s.  Sure, it has become infinitely more reliable and efficient at doing its job, but the basic cooling system still consists of liquid coolant being circulated through the engine, then out to the radiator to be cooled by the air stream coming through the front grill of the vehicle.

Just like AC, the cooling system maintains a steady engine temperature regardless of road conditions.

Today’s cooling system must maintain the engine at a constant temperature whether the outside air temperature is 110 degrees Fahrenheit  or 10 below zero.  If the engine temperature is too low, fuel economy will suffer and emissions will rise.  If the temperature is allowed to get too hot for too long, the engine will self destruct. And just like Air conditioning, the cooling system helps maintain a steady engine temperature regardless of road conditions.

How Does a Cooling System Work?Actually, there are two types of cooling systems found on motor vehicles:  Liquid cooled and Air cooled.  Air cooled engines are found on a few older cars, like the original Volkswagen Beetle, the Chevrolet Corvair and a few others.  Many modern motorcycles still use air cooling, but for the most part, automobiles and trucks use liquid cooled systems and that is what this article will concentrate on.

The cooling system is made up of the passages inside the engine block and heads, a water pump to circulate the coolant, a thermostat to control the temperature of the coolant, a radiator to cool the coolant, a radiator cap to control the pressure in the system, and some plumbing consisting of interconnecting hoses to transfer the coolant from the engine to radiator and also to the car’s heater system where hot coolant is used to warm up the vehicle’s interior on a cold day.

A cooling system works by sending a liquid coolant through passages in the engine block and heads.  As the coolant flows through these passages, it picks up heat from the engine.  The heated fluid then makes its way through a rubber hose to the radiator in the front of the car.  As it flows through the thin tubes in the radiator, the hot liquid is cooled by the air stream entering the engine compartment from the grill in front of the car.  Once the fluid is cooled, it returns to the engine to absorb more heat.  The water pump has the job of keeping the fluid moving through this system of plumbing and hidden passages.

A thermostat is placed between the engine and the radiator to make sure that the coolant stays above a certain preset temperature.  If the coolant temperature falls below this temperature, the thermostat blocks the coolant flow to the radiator, forcing the fluid instead through a bypass directly back to the engine.  The coolant will continue to circulate like this until it reaches the design temperature, at which point, the thermostat will open a valve and allow the coolant back through the radiator.

In order to prevent the coolant from boiling, the cooling system is designed to be pressurized.  Under pressure, the boiling point of the coolant is raised considerably.  However, too much pressure will cause hoses and other parts to burst, so a system is needed to relieve pressure if it exceeds a certain point.  The job of maintaining the pressure in the cooling system belongs to the radiator cap.  The cap is designed to release pressure if it reaches the specified upper limit that the system was designed to handle.  Prior to the ’70s, the cap would release this extra pressure to the pavement.  Since then, a system was added to capture any released fluid and store it temporarily in a reserve tank.  This fluid would then return to the cooling system after the engine cooled down.  This is what is called a closed cooling system.

Circulation

The coolant follows a path that takes it from the water pump, through passages inside the engine block where it collects the heat produced by the cylinders.  It then flows up to the cylinder head (or heads in a V type engine) where it collects more heat from the combustion chambers.  It then flows out past the thermostat (if the thermostat is opened to allow the fluid to pass), through the upper radiator hose and into the radiator.  The coolant flows through the thin flattened tubes that make up the core of the radiator and is cooled by the air flow through the radiator.  From there, it flows out of the radiator, through the lower radiator hose and back to the water pump.  By this time, the coolant is cooled off and ready to collect more heat from the engine.

The capacity of the system is engineered for the type and size of the engine and the work load that it is expected to undergo.  Obviously, the cooling system for a larger, more powerful V8 engine in a heavy vehicle will need considerably more capacity then a compact car with a small 4 cylinder engine.  On a large vehicle, the radiator is larger with many more tubes for the coolant to flow through.  The radiator is also wider and taller to capture more air flow entering the vehicle from the grill in front.

Antifreeze

The coolant that courses through the engine and associated plumbing must be able to withstand temperatures well below zero without freezing.  It must also be able to handle engine temperatures in excess of 250 degrees without boiling.  A tall order for any fluid, but that is not all.  The fluid must also contain rust inhibiters and a lubricant.

The coolant in today’s vehicles is a mixture of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) and water.  The recommended ratio is fifty-fifty, In other words, one part antifreeze and one part water.  This is the minimum recommended for use in automobile engines.  Less antifreeze and the boiling point would be too low.  In certain climates where the temperatures can go well below zero, it is permissible to have as much as 75% antifreeze and 25% water, but no more than that.  Pure antifreeze will not work properly and can cause a boil over. 

Antifreeze is poisonous and should be kept away from people and animals, especially dogs and cats who are attracted by the sweet taste.  Ethylene Glycol, if ingested, will form calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys which can cause acute renal failure and death.

 http://brake-o-rama.com/

http://brakeorama.info/brake-o-rama-explains-cooling-systems/

Find Success Here and Zalman Silber

What is success? Laypeople generally define the term as making lots of money, but those actually successful sometimes have a broader, more open definition of the experience. According to serial entrepreneur Zalman Silber, a large part of being successful means being able to help those less fortunate. “My greatest joy comes from the happy faces and the smiles I get from the colleagues whose charitable organizations I am able to share my good fortune with,” he says. “While I look forward to a time when such assistance is not needed, I shall continue to do everything within my power to change the world, one soul at a time.”

To this end, Zalman Silber has endeavored to share his wealth through any number of non-profit organizations; in fact, the number of charities benefitting from his generosity rivals the number of businesses he has started up! Having first made his fortune with the New York Skyride, a simulated helicopter ride located in one of the city’s most iconic landmarks, the Empire State Building, Silber went on to found one company after another in a variety of industries from amusement rides and advertising and marketing to money management and multimedia. He is also a frequent guest lecturer on business topics at some of the leading forums for such discussions, such as Yeshiva University’s Sy Syms School of Business and Cornell University’s Department of Applied Economics and Management.

But despite such a portfolio of accomplishments, it is charitable donations that seem to give Zalman Silber the most pleasure of all. A complete list of all his good deeds would take up a whole website, but what follows is a survey of many of those nearest and dearest to his heart. Such especially beloved organizations include Arachim, Chesed L’Avraham, Meor Hatorah, Nachal Novea, Shvilim, and yeshivas such as his alma mater of Yeshiva Slabodka. These organizations promote Yiddishkeit and actively work to keep alive the Ashkenaz spirit around the world today. For example, Chesed L’Avraham is dedicated to helping abandoned or abused kinderlach in the land of Israel. Shvilim is another organization concerned with child welfare; specifically those of special-needs children whose families cannot afford the kind of care necessary to deal with issues such as congenital problems. Silber finds his greatest satisfaction – his success – in being a macher when it comes to the needs of his community. For such a mensch, money is but a tool and a happenstance. For the many touched by such righteous generosity, the man himself is an instrument of G-d’s mercy – and what is success but G-d’s grace?

"Who Stole The Moon?"

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Nov 4, 2013
"Who Stole the Moon?" The top-rated interactive children's book extends the horizon for languages!

Windy Press has released an updated version of its popular interactive book for children — "Who Stole The Moon?". The story can now be read and heard in 17 different languages. You can read it on the iPad and iPhone (special edition with enlarged font).

Chicago-based, Windy Press International Publishing House, LLC has released an update, (version 1.3), of its top-rated interactive musical book for children, "Who Stole The Moon?". It contains yet another language: Danish. Altogether, the story can now be read and heard in 17 different languages! Thanks to the redesigning of the pages and large font, the story is now available not only on the iPad, but on the iPhone as well.

*** Interactive book "Who Stole the Moon?" for iPad and for iPhone! ***
"Who Stole the Moon?" is an interactive musical picture book application. The fairy tale "Who Stole the Moon?" was written by the British writer Helen Stratton-Would and illustrated by well-known Russian artist Vlad Gerasimov. It's a story about little Bertie, who dreamed about becoming an astronaut. He loved to watch the moon shining through his skylight window every night as he lay in bed. One evening, though, the moon didn't appear in the sky.

"Who Stole the Moon?" With this serious question, "detective" Bertie set out on his adventure. Join Bertie on his quest with this charming bedtime story that will gently nurture your child's imagination and send them off into the magical world of dreams.

With the interactive book "Who Stole the Moon?", Windy Press makes an innovative step in creating a completely new genre in digital publishing — the e-musical. In addition to fine illustrations, vivid animation, as well as 4 mini-games, the book includes 8 original songs, performed by award-winning American children's singer Susie Tallman and well-known Australian musician Richard Pleasance. "Who Stole the Moon?" is available in many widely-spoken languages across the world and is narrated by professional actors.

The 17 languages with professional narrators include: English, Spanish, German, French, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Swedish, Dutch, Danish, Ukrainian, Czech, Turkish, Afrikaans.

— Editor's Choice Award by the Children's Technology Review

— #1 among top the 10 most interesting interactive children's apps for Apple gadgets. — Listed by Forbes
— 5+1 Stars and Gold Award for Excellent Children's App by Kinder App Garten (Germany)

*** Overview of "Who Stole the Moon?" ***
Title: "Who Stole the Moon?" Published by: Windy Press International Publishing House, LLC. Release date: March 05, 2012. Compatible with iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch. Requires iOS 5.0 or later.
Price: US $4.99 for iPad, US $2.99 for iPhone.
Free Lite version also available (In-App Purchase: US $4.99/ US $2.99 accordingly)
iTunes AppStore:
Full iPad version: http://itunes.apple.com/app/id499296025
Free iPad version: http://itunes.apple.com/app/id482612887
Full iPhone version: http://itunes.apple.com/app/id516839971
Free iPhone version: http://itunes.apple.com/app/id516839976

*** Company website with promotional videos ***
Book page: http://windypress.com/whostolethemoon/
Media Kit: http://windypress.com/whostolethemoon/mediakit.php
Company site: http://windypress.com/

Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/windypress
Twitter: https://twitter.com/#!/windypress
YouTube

*** About the Company ***
Windy Press is an international innovative publishing house headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It's primary direction is the publication of interactive e-books for children and adults. Windy Press publications feature rich animated illustrations combined with original songs and mini games. At the heart of the unique "book musicals" of Windy Press lies an original cross-platform book engine. This technology gives new life to books that are both entertaining and educational. As the founder of the e-musical genre, Windy Press takes its special place among the pioneers of the digital publishing revolution.

*** Press Release Contact Information ***
Yuri Mezenko
Windy Press International Publishing House, LLC
P.O. Box 1541
Warrenville, IL 60555
USA
Voice: (+1) 630-699-5832
E-Mail: info@windypress.com
Website: http://windypress.com

"I became them" Brilliant new poetry by Shainur Ullah

When I studied them, I became interested
When I became interested, I heard of them
When I heard of them, I saw them
When I saw them, I met them
And when I met them, I became them.

By Shainur Ullah

COMMENTS:

I like this exploration of how things influence us, and how it means that we become at total of all the experiences we have, whether we like it or not. A great concise shwoing of how that happens. Well Done!

This is brilliant and insightful! I wouldn't change a thing. It is exactly how i feel when I discover a new (well,new to me) branch of history, new genre of books, or a form of art. Thank you for expressing that feeling of oneness to every new study in life

This is how it all works!! Getting to the bottom of things requires getting there first, once there one becomes one with them. I am impressed by this relatively simple equation that you have put in place which is both effective and true at all times.

You have a great gift for capturing much in the smallest of nets. One is then left to marvel at the valuable treasures therein. Excellent write and read!!! applauded

Simple but efficient ! It pictures the stages one could go through once introduced to particular knowledge that one finds interest in , I suppose and when i met them ,i became them could be interpreted as the influence someone had upon you in a positive way .It could also be though them you identified something that you desired in life and wanted so badly to have .Once you saw that it is achieveble "i became them " .It.s as if when we see something we want in others we try to copy them or imitate them so we can have what they have to ! Hope this makes sense !

the poem can be interpreted in a dark foreboding sense or in the Sufi tradition of 'Oneness'. 

This is an interesting introspection into the social structure and process behind the scenes of life. Very true and to the point. Nicely done.

Cancer Girl

Cancer girl is about a girl with blood cancer and when she falls in love, her cancer gets cured and when they break up her cancer comes back.

I published this on wattpad, I am not getting paid for the short story, but I would love readers and people to comment and like and I have faith this short story will affect a lot of people in a good way as cancer is a huge killer and we all know a person with cancer, or died from cancer that we wished were cured.

I'd love for you to spread this short story around and hope to make people feel better, again I get no profit but if i see people commenting and liking and just getting the recognition and seeing they are happy is enough for me.

It is sort of a fairy tale, but a 21st century fairy tale, with cancer being the plague and love is the cure. My aim is to make you happy and I would love it if you spread this short story, cancer girl to any effected familes dealing with cancer or someone who has cancer, i want to put hope and faith in them.

Read it for yourself and let your heart melt: http://www.wattpad.com/11720187-cancer-girl

Dehydrated dog food, why your dog needs this healthy dog food?

<b><i>Dehydrated dog food</i>, why your dog needs this healthy <i><u>dog food</u></i>?</b><br />
<br />
<b><i>What is&nbsp;<a href="http://dogsiteworld.com/" target="_blank">Dehydrated dog food</a>?</i></b><br />
<b><i><a href="http://dogsiteworld.com/" target="_blank">Dehydrated dog food</a></i></b> is in its simplest form is referred to as dry dog food, but only until warm water is added to the dehydrated dog food mix and then the resulting dog food mix becomes a biologically appropriate dog food with the exact amount of water content recommended by the dog food nutritional experts, the added advantage on this dehydrated dog food is that the amount of water contained in the biologically appropriate dog food is in the exact amount of 70%, and this water content is the perfect for the individual dog’s metabolism as any less or more water content can be a cause for nutritional problems in the future – possibly liver and / or kidney problems, all dog food mixes must be represented of the dog’s natural dietary requirements which should as close as possible to the meat-eating diet of its carnivores descendants and this hydrated dog food – dehydrated dog food when mixed with the exact amount of water decidedly is replicated by as perfect a diet only as an alternative to eating a biologically appropriate raw diet – which in its self very difficult to assess exact proportions to suit the dogs dietary needs, so the first choice the dog nutritional experts would recommend is the biologically appropriate raw diet, which is at best very difficult to replicate, the perfect alternative for the dogs dietary needs would be the correctly hydrated dehydrated dog food.<br />
<br />
<b><i><u>What is Good About <a href="http://dogsiteworld.com/" target="_blank">Dehydrated Dog Food</a>?</u></i></b><br />
The main advantage of feeding your family dog <i><b><a href="http://dogsiteworld.com/" target="_blank">Dehydrated Dog Food</a></b></i> is that the manufacturing process is consistent and specific, and the advantage lies in the fact that the dehydrated dog food has not been processed at high temperatures which has protected the essential nutrient, essential mineral and other essential vitamins content of the Hydrated dog food mix, so the essential ingredients that is so essential for the long term nutritional needs for your family dog is importantly safeguarded.<br />
<br />
<b><i>Dehydrated dog food</i></b> remains the closest to the essential ingredients of any manufactures dog food, because the essential ingredients of the dehydrated raw dog food remains in perfect condition so that the family dog benefit from the essential trace elements which is not destroyed in the manufacturing heating process and this range of dehydrated raw dog food is the best choice of dog food that a caring dog lover can give to their family dog, it is recommended that all family dogs should be fed the best and highest quality of dog food that perfectly replicates the natural food of the meat-eating carnivore and gives the family dog the essential minerals, essential vitamins and the essential trace elements, and avoid all other processed dog foods and the reasons are explained for you in the paragraph below.<br />
<br />
Processed dog food in comparison to <b><i><a href="http://dogsiteworld.com/" target="_blank">dehydrated dog food</a></i></b> – in its raw state, is actually forced to be heat processed because of the un-nutritious and potential harmful bacteria which is very likely mixed in with processed dog food – the un-sterilized waste animal innards, the crushed waste bones with added un-natural ingredients so as to bind all of the mixed processed dog food together – in essence with all of the un-savoury ingredients contained within the processed dog food, then the extreme heating process used throughout the manufacturing process is entirely necessary to ensure the destruction of the possibly harmful bacteria, and it is for this reason alone that the processed dog food must be subject to very high temperatures so as to ensure that the potential harmful bacteria is destroying these essential trace elements even though the manufacturing process involves the destruction of essential ingredients the inferior processed dog food is still available and is being sold in the vast majority of the processed dog food departments of the Pet Supplies Stores.<br />
<br />
<b><i><u>What is the Advantages of Feeding Your Dog Dehydrated Dog Food?</u></i></b><br />
As the first choice of <b><i>dehydrated dog food</i></b> from the dog nutritional experts are also based on the very important advantage of this type of food being very easily digestible and for the essential proteins which are readily available to the dog for example turkey, beef, chicken and fish in their own right are a luxury diet of the meat-eating carnivorous wild dogs, and with the added benefit from the naturally included essential minerals and the essential vitamins available to the dog in its natural state, then Dehydrated Dog Food is definitely the best choice and only second to the biologically appropriate raw dog food and this type of raw dog food is a difficult to formulate to the exact proportions of the various components relating to the various elements so the dog fed on the biologically appropriate dog food needs to replicate the exact combination of the daily essential nutrients, essential minerals, essential vitamins and exact proportions for bulk and reduction in the carbohydrate content – unless the dog is a working dog then the combinations need to be re-evaluated to suit. <b><i>Dehydrated Dog Food</i></b> is highly recommended for dog owners who received specific orders not to feed their dogs’ dog food with grain, and this is usually as a result of a transitional dog food after coming off a bland diet as a result of a Gastric Intestinal problem or even Pancreatitis and using Dehydrated Dog Food until capable of resuming their biologically appropriate raw dog food.<br />
<br />
<b><i><u>Is there a Set of Ingredients Contained in Dehydrated Raw Dog Food?</u></i></b><br />
Yes, and to ensure you feed your dog the highest consistency of <b><i><a href="http://dogsiteworld.com/" target="_blank">Dehydrated Raw Dog Food</a></i></b>, then you need to ensure that the quality is consistent and the only sure way of ensuring the consistency of the dog food, check these ingredients is printed on the Hydrated Raw Dog Food Box – if shopping online for your hydrated raw dog food, then only shop at an online pet supplies store which offer an in-depth informational description of each pet supplies product – check out the DogSiteWorld Store and you will see that they offer an in-depth pet products description, with the honest reviews from previous buyers and their reviews are from pet lovers just like us, unfortunately there are many online dog supplies store who will offer very little product descriptions, so check the description before any online purchases, the List of ingredients is as follows:<br />
• Dehydrated Turkey<br />
• Organic Flaxseed<br />
<div>
• Potatoes<br />
• Carrots<br />
• Celery<br />
• Spinach<br />
• Organic Coconut<br />
• Apples<br />
• Organic Kelp<br />
• Eggs<br />
• Bananas<br />
<br />
The above ingredients are an excellent combination of raw foods in the natural form of dehydrated raw dog food – raw dog food which having been dried in its natural state with nothing added or nothing taken out by any processing method – un processed dog food; you will not get any better quality ingredients when the combination is in any type of prepared dog food especially when included within the recipe of <b><i><a href="http://dogsiteworld.com/" target="_blank">Dehydrated Raw Dog Food</a></i></b>, remember this type of dog food available at online pet stores will usually include a more extended range and there should be expected to have a wide selection and usually the descriptions will be more exact certainly when shopping at a leading online pet supplies store.<br />
<br />
<i><u><b>What do I Need to Know when Feeding my <a href="http://dogsiteworld.com/" target="_blank">Dog Dehydrated Dog Food</a>?</b></u></i><br />
Feeding your dog a mixed diet of <b><i>Dehydrated Dog Food</i></b> is like any other mixture of dog food and essential and specific to all dry dog food mixes, and that is to ensure that by feeding your dog any dry dog mix you must ensure that the dog food mixture must be adequately softened by adding at least 70% water to the mix and ensure that all the dry ingredients are moistened and of a paste consistency and this fine mix will be perfect for the dog – the dog nutritional experts suggest to avoid a dog having unlimited access to dry dog food in its un-moistened state, and only feeding the correct amount on a daily basis.<br />
<br />
<b><i><u>Will You Separate Myth From Fact and Evidence with Dehydrated Dog Food 1?</u></i></b><br />
There is one misconception that a dog who eats dry <a href="http://dogsiteworld.com/" target="_blank"><b><i>dehydrated dog food</i></b> </a>that their teeth will remain in perfect condition, unfortunately this is far from the truth, as the experts will argue that the only way for a dog to maintain an healthy set of teeth is that the dog will regularly participate in the shearing action from chewing on and biting bone-dense food, and it’s this consistent biting on dense bone type dog food that helps to maintain the cleaning action of the dog’s teeth.<br />
<br />
<b><i><u>Will You Separate Misconception From Fact and Evidence with Dehydrated Dog Food 2?</u></i></b><br />
Another misconception is related to buying dog food which contains Grains, well Grains in dog food is only used to bulk up the dog food consistency with a cheap and plentiful ingredient, there is no evidence that dog food with grain is healthy, in fact many dog nutritional experts will warn against feeding your dog with dog food containing grain, as they recommend that all dog food given to your dog need to be grain-free and the ultimate dog food mix essential for your dogs’ health and well-being and the evidence suggests <b><i><a href="http://dogsiteworld.com/" target="_blank">dehydrated raw dog food</a> is</i></b> the dog food mix which replicated the most natural dog food diet for your meat-eating carnivore.<br />
<br />
<i>References:&nbsp;</i><i>(“Toxic pet food may have killed dozens of dogs”, (Simone Aquino and Benedito Corrêa (2011). (Aflatoxins in Pet Foods: A Risk to Special Consumers, Aflatoxins - Detection, Measurement and Control, Dr Irineo Torres-Pacheco (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-711-6, InTech (Moss,)…&nbsp;</i><i>Carnoviour</i></div>

Maid Of Honor Duties

There are numerous maid of honor duties that have to be catered to and if you thought being a matron of honor or a bridesmaid is only about having fun then you would be pleasantly surprised. In many cases, maid of honor duties make a maid of honor or matron of honor busier than the bride herself. The maid of honor duties can be classified into pre-wedding, wedding and post wedding stages. Here we shall take a look at all the maid of honor duties during the pre wedding phase.

• Maid of honor duties commence from the moment one gets a confirmation from the bride that she is going to be the maid of honor or matron of honor. The first few maid of honor duties would be to work with the bride and her family to get the list of invitees’ right. Making suggestions, pinpointing those who have been missed and also trying to organize the entire exercise are integral to maid of honor duties.

• Shopping with the bride is mandatory for a matron of honor. Not only would shopping for the bride or herself be one of the maid of honor duties but also ensuring that the dresses, jewelry and all accessories are in place for all the bridesmaids and the entire bridal gang.

• Playing an active role during the phases when the cake is being ordered, the cards are being selected, the invitations are being sent out and all such activities are significant maid of honor duties.

• One of the most important maid of honor duties is to organize a bridal shower. Now, a matron of honor can organize it herself or one can team up with a few bridesmaids to do the same. The latter is less hassle and most maids of honor opt for that.

• Throwing a bachelorette party is also one of the maid of honor duties. A matron of honor may or may not be obligated to do the same but if one has a perception that because of being married, a matron of honor cannot organize a bachelorette party then you can rest assured that it is perfectly alright.

• Handling logistics is often a part of maid of honor duties. A matron of honor may have to be completely available during the pre wedding days when guests are arriving and putting up at hotels or at the house of the bride and attending to all of them are also among the maid of honor duties.

• Attending all pre wedding parties are also integral to maid of honor duties.